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		<title>Unix Shell &#8211; Calea către fişier/director</title>
		<link>http://scripteh.info/unix-shell-calea-catre-fisier-director/</link>
					<comments>http://scripteh.info/unix-shell-calea-catre-fisier-director/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Eduard Rudoi]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 20 Mar 2013 17:18:08 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Ubuntu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized @ro]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cale]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cale completă]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[director]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scripteh.info/wordpress/2013/03/20/unix-shell-calea-catre-fisier-director/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Sistemul de fişiere în sistemele de operare de tip *nix au formă de arbore. Astfel este un director de cel &#8230;</p>
<p>Сообщение <a href="http://scripteh.info/unix-shell-calea-catre-fisier-director/">Unix Shell &#8211; Calea către fişier/director</a> появились сначала на <a href="http://scripteh.info">ScripTehInfo</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" src="https://dl.dropbox.com/u/2884924/lu0301.gif" border="0" alt="unix file system" width="451" height="301" /></p>
<p>Sistemul de fişiere în sistemele de operare de tip *nix au formă de arbore. Astfel este un director de cel mai înalt nivel, care se numeşte root (rădăcină), din care se pornesc multe alte ramuri, cum ar fi bin, usr, temp, src, var, etc, şi altele, fiecare cu subramurile lor.</p>
<p>  <span id="more-953"></span>  </p>
<p>Pentru a indica unde se află un director sau fişier în sistemul de fişiere al computerului este necesar să ştim calea spre acest director/fişier. Astfel calea este adresa spre o resursă de pe discul local sau din reţea. Deosebim 2 tipuri de căi: cale completă şi cale relativă.</p>
<p><strong>NB: </strong><em>Pentru toate exemplele din acest articol se va folosi ierarhia de fişiere din imagine şi se presupune că directorul curent este /users/john</em></p>
<p><strong>Calea completă</strong> se indică de la rădăcina sistemului de fişiere, până la fişierul/directorul dorit. Astfel, calea completă spre directorul curent este <em>/users/john</em>, iar calea spre directorul &#8222;work&#8221; din directorul curent este <em>/users/john/work</em>.</p>
<p><strong>Calea relativă </strong>se indică pornind de la directorul curent. Astfel, calea relativă spre directorul &#8222;work&#8221; din directorul curent este <em>work</em>. De asemenea, am putea folosi şi construcţia <em>./work</em>, în care punctul (.) indică directorul curent.</p>
<p>Un al exemplu ar fi calea relativă spre directorul &#8222;carol&#8221; &#8211; <em>./../carol</em> (din directorul curent ne ridicăm cu un nivel mai sus, iar de acolo in jos, spre &#8222;carol&#8221;).</p>
<p>Сообщение <a href="http://scripteh.info/unix-shell-calea-catre-fisier-director/">Unix Shell &#8211; Calea către fişier/director</a> появились сначала на <a href="http://scripteh.info">ScripTehInfo</a>.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Unix Shell &#8211; Navigarea în sistemul de fişiere</title>
		<link>http://scripteh.info/unix-shell-navigarea-in-sistemul-de-fisiere/</link>
					<comments>http://scripteh.info/unix-shell-navigarea-in-sistemul-de-fisiere/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Eduard Rudoi]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 20 Mar 2013 16:37:10 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Ubuntu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized @ro]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cd]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[director]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[fişier]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scripteh.info/wordpress/2013/03/20/unix-shell-navigarea-in-sistemul-de-fisiere/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Sistemul de fişiere în sistemele de operare de tip *nix au formă de arbore. Astfel este un director de cel &#8230;</p>
<p>Сообщение <a href="http://scripteh.info/unix-shell-navigarea-in-sistemul-de-fisiere/">Unix Shell &#8211; Navigarea în sistemul de fişiere</a> появились сначала на <a href="http://scripteh.info">ScripTehInfo</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sistemul de fişiere în sistemele de operare de tip *nix au formă de arbore. Astfel este un director de cel mai înalt nivel, care se numeşte root (rădăcină), din care se pornesc multe alte ramuri, cum ar fi bin, usr, temp, src, var, etc, şi altele, fiecare cu subramurile lor.</p>
<p><img decoding="async" class=" size-full wp-image-336" src="http://scripteh.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/www.december.com_unix_tutor_tree1.gif" border="0" alt="filesystem hierarchy" width="480" height="168" style="border: 0;" /></p>
<p>  <span id="more-952"></span>  </p>
<p>Când ne aflăm în mediul shell, întotdeauna putem vedea în care director din ierarhie ne aflăm. Aceasta este arătată chiar înainte de semnul $ şi prompter. În următoarea imagine putem vedea că ne aflăm la cel mai înalt nivel, adică în root (directorul root se indică cu un slash <em>/</em> ).</p>
<p><img decoding="async" class=" size-full wp-image-337" src="http://scripteh.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/content.screencast.com_users_die2live_folders_Jing_media_6bce8f76-a2e4-46d1-8885-bf58bc4a058a_root-slash.png" border="0" alt="cd root" width="726" height="59" /></p>
<p>Există şi alte caractere speciale pentru indicarea unui anumit director din sistem. De exemplu, tilda (<em>~</em>) indică la directorul <em>home</em> al utilizatorului curent.</p>
<p>Pentru a schimba directorul curent folosim comanda <em>cd &lt;directory_path&gt;</em> (change directory), unde <em>&lt;directory_path&gt;</em> este calea spre directorul dorit.</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" size-full wp-image-338" src="http://scripteh.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/content.screencast.com_users_die2live_folders_Jing_media_b885a70c-c9ac-43aa-8aa0-b9e3cd39cbe4_cd-tilde.png" border="0" alt="cd tilde" width="733" height="79" /></p>
<p>Aici am folosit <em>cd ~</em> care a schimbat directorul curent să fie home. Putem vedea calea deplină la directorul curent folosind comanda <em>pwd</em> (present working directory).</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" size-full wp-image-339" src="http://scripteh.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/content.screencast.com_users_die2live_folders_Jing_media_f9c9cf57-12fd-4925-86e5-3b00413a09e9_pwd-home.png" border="0" alt="pwd" width="729" height="115" /></p>
<p>Vedem că ne aflăm în directorul /home/dai. Astfel am fi putut ajunge aici accesând comanda <em>cd /home/dai</em></p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" size-full wp-image-340" src="http://scripteh.info/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/content.screencast.com_users_die2live_folders_Jing_media_dd1379ec-fe4e-432c-bb56-1239dab2b74e_cd%20home_dai.png" border="0" alt="pwd" width="720" height="75" /></p>
<p>Pentru a ne deplasa cu un nivel mai sus, folosim comanda <em>cd ..</em></p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" size-full wp-image-341" src="http://scripteh.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/content.screencast.com_users_die2live_folders_Jing_media_c8369679-f3f2-434f-a8c5-f36914910361_cd-back.png" border="0" alt="cd back" width="720" height="112" /> </p>
<p>Сообщение <a href="http://scripteh.info/unix-shell-navigarea-in-sistemul-de-fisiere/">Unix Shell &#8211; Navigarea în sistemul de fişiere</a> появились сначала на <a href="http://scripteh.info">ScripTehInfo</a>.</p>
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		<title>Unix Shell &#8211; Vizualizarea conţinutului unui director</title>
		<link>http://scripteh.info/unix-shell-vizualizarea-continutului-unui-director/</link>
					<comments>http://scripteh.info/unix-shell-vizualizarea-continutului-unui-director/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Eduard Rudoi]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 19 Mar 2013 16:10:50 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Ubuntu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized @ro]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[content]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[conţinut]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://scripteh.info/wordpress/2013/03/19/unix-shell-vizualizarea-continutului-unui-director/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Doritorii de a învăța lucrul eficient în Linux sau MacOSX, au nevoie să învețe lucrul cu terminarul sau linia de &#8230;</p>
<p>Сообщение <a href="http://scripteh.info/unix-shell-vizualizarea-continutului-unui-director/">Unix Shell &#8211; Vizualizarea conţinutului unui director</a> появились сначала на <a href="http://scripteh.info">ScripTehInfo</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;"><img decoding="async" src="images/ls.png" border="0" align="right" style="float: right; border: 0; margin: 5px;" />Doritorii de a învăța lucrul eficient în Linux sau MacOSX, au nevoie să învețe lucrul cu terminarul sau linia de comandă. Sunt foarte mult lucruri administrative în sistemele de tip Unix, care se fac mult mai ușor și mai sigur în linia de comandă. Mai jos vă propunem prima lecția din cursul &#8222;Lucrul eficient în Terminal&#8221;, în care veți învăța cum să vizualizați conținutul unei mape.</p>
<p>  <span id="more-951"></span>  </p>
<p>Pentru a vizualiza conţinutul unui director din sistemul de fişiere al unui sistem de operare de tip *nix este necesar să folosiţi comanda <em>ls</em>.</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" size-full wp-image-331" src="http://scripteh.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/content.screencast.com_users_die2live_folders_Jing_media_6fe87bbd-5f90-498d-9538-bfe4619fe238_ls.png" border="0" alt="unix ls" width="726" height="82" style="border: 0;" /></p>
<p>După cum se vede în imagine, această comandă afişează conţinutul directorului curent în formă de listă simplă.</p>
<p>Pentru a vedea şi fişierele ascunse, adăugăm cheia <em>-a</em></p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" size-full wp-image-334" src="http://scripteh.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/content.screencast.com_users_die2live_folders_Jing_media_b42e524f-5163-4c27-a584-4e961c0419b5_ls-a-1.png" border="0" alt="ls -a" width="729" height="163" style="border: 0;" /> </p>
<p>Pentru a afişa o listă cu mai multe detalii despre fişiere, şi anume: permisiunile, dimensiunea (bytes), data ultimei modificări, denumirea, folosim aceeaşi comandă cu cheia <em>-l</em></p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" size-full wp-image-333" src="http://scripteh.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/content.screencast.com_users_die2live_folders_Jing_media_85ce8921-06ea-424f-9f65-fd93704f6078_ls-l.png" border="0" alt="ls -l" width="725" height="196" style="border: 0;" /></p>
<p>Comanda <em>ls</em> are şi alte opţiuni de afişare, care pot fi văzute folosind cheia <em>&#8211;help</em> sau comanda <em>man ls</em></p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class=" size-full wp-image-334" src="http://scripteh.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/content.screencast.com_users_die2live_folders_Jing_media_b42e524f-5163-4c27-a584-4e961c0419b5_ls-a-1.png" border="0" alt="man ls" width="729" height="163" style="border: 0;" /></p>
<p>Сообщение <a href="http://scripteh.info/unix-shell-vizualizarea-continutului-unui-director/">Unix Shell &#8211; Vizualizarea conţinutului unui director</a> появились сначала на <a href="http://scripteh.info">ScripTehInfo</a>.</p>
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		<title>Related Items Module</title>
		<link>http://scripteh.info/related-items-module/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Eduard Rudoi]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 Jul 2010 18:53:14 +0000</pubDate>
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<p>Сообщение <a href="http://scripteh.info/related-items-module/">Related Items Module</a> появились сначала на <a href="http://scripteh.info">ScripTehInfo</a>.</p>
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<p>Сообщение <a href="http://scripteh.info/related-items-module/">Related Items Module</a> появились сначала на <a href="http://scripteh.info">ScripTehInfo</a>.</p>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Eduard Rudoi]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 Jul 2010 18:25:23 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>This Module shows a list of the currently published Articles which have the highest number of page views. Help {loadposition &#8230;</p>
<p>Сообщение <a href="http://scripteh.info/most-read-content/">Most Read Content</a> появились сначала на <a href="http://scripteh.info">ScripTehInfo</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This Module shows a list of the currently published Articles which have the highest number of page views. <a href="http://docs.joomla.org/Help15:Screen.modulessite.edit.15#Most_Read_Content" title="Most Read Content">Help</a></p>
<p>{loadposition articlespopularload}</p>
<p>Сообщение <a href="http://scripteh.info/most-read-content/">Most Read Content</a> появились сначала на <a href="http://scripteh.info">ScripTehInfo</a>.</p>
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		<title>Latest Articles Module</title>
		<link>http://scripteh.info/latest-articles-module/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Eduard Rudoi]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 Jul 2010 18:08:42 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>This Module shows a list of the most recently published and current Articles. Some that are shown may have expired &#8230;</p>
<p>Сообщение <a href="http://scripteh.info/latest-articles-module/">Latest Articles Module</a> появились сначала на <a href="http://scripteh.info">ScripTehInfo</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This Module shows a list of the most recently published and current Articles. Some that are shown may have expired even though they are the most recent. <a href="http://docs.joomla.org/Help15:Screen.modulessite.edit.15#Latest_News" title="Latest Articles">Help</a></p>
<p>{loadposition articleslatestload}</p>
<p>Сообщение <a href="http://scripteh.info/latest-articles-module/">Latest Articles Module</a> появились сначала на <a href="http://scripteh.info">ScripTehInfo</a>.</p>
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		<title>Article Categories Module</title>
		<link>http://scripteh.info/article-categories-module/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Eduard Rudoi]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 Jul 2010 15:12:46 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>This module displays a list of categories from one parent category.</p>
<p>Сообщение <a href="http://scripteh.info/article-categories-module/">Article Categories Module</a> появились сначала на <a href="http://scripteh.info">ScripTehInfo</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This module displays a list of categories from one parent category.</p>
<p>Сообщение <a href="http://scripteh.info/article-categories-module/">Article Categories Module</a> появились сначала на <a href="http://scripteh.info">ScripTehInfo</a>.</p>
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